Vol. 6, Issue 1, Part A (2024)

Introduction: Oral delivery of medications with low water solubility remains a significant challenge due to their limited solubility and poor bioavailability. Nano carrier systems, such as lipid nanoparticles and polymeric nanoparticles, are an interesting way to make things more soluble, dissolve faster, and be absorbed better. You need to employ advanced characterization methods to make sure the particles are the proper size, shape, surface charge, and drug loading if you want your nano carrier formulations to operate better when taken by mouth. Material and Methods: Curcumin nanocarriers were produced by combining solvent evaporation with high-pressure homogenization. The formulations were analyzed using UV-spectrophotometry and dynamic light scattering (DLS) to assess drug loading, entrapment efficiency, zeta potential, particle size, and polydispersity index (PDI). Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) were used to find out how crystalline the drug was, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was used to look at the morphology of the particles. The studies on solubility and in vitro dissolution were conducted in a phosphate buffer at a pH of 6.8 and a temperature of 37±0.5°C. Results: The lipid nanoparticles had an average size of 145±8 nm, and the polymeric nanoparticles had an average size of 168±12 nm. The PDI was 0.21±0.02. The zeta potential readings of -22.6±1.8 mV and -28.6±2.1 mV reveal that the colloidal solution is stable. The drug loading for lipid nanoparticles was 8.5±0.3% and the entrapment efficiency was 92.3±1.5%. For polymeric nanoparticles, the numbers were 89.7±2.0% and 7.9±0.4%. The TEM images showed that the particles were smooth and spherical, and the DSC and PXRD tests showed that the nano carriers contained amorphous curcumin. The solubility of curcumin increased eightfold in lipid nanoparticles and 6.5-fold in polymeric nanoparticles compared to the pure medicine (0.42±0.03 mg/mL vs. 3.36±0.12 mg/mL and 2.73±0.15 mg/mL, respectively). In vitro dissolution assays at 60 minutes shown that lipid nanoparticles and polymeric nanoparticles had enhanced drug release rates of 87.2±2.1% and 81.5±1.8%, respectively, in contrast to pure Curcumin's release rate of 18.4±1.5%. Conclusion: Advanced characterization techniques were employed to improve nano carrier formulations for poorly soluble drugs. The result was stable, uniform nanoparticles that could hold a lot of medication, dissolve better in vitro, and have greater solubility. When giving small compounds that don't dissolve well in the mouth, it's very important to choose carriers carefully and do rigorous analytical tests. Nanocarriers made of lipids were a little better at dissolving and releasing than polymeric systems.