Vol. 6, Issue 1, Part B (2024)

One of the key factors in achieving the appropriate drug concentration in the systemic circulation for the intended pharmacological response is solubility, which is the phenomenon of a solute dissolving in a solvent under particular conditions to produce a homogeneous system. Because BCS Class-II medications have a low solubility and dissolution rate, the main goal of this review was to increase their solubility. Pharmaceutically active molecules with low solubility transmit a larger risk of failure for drug research and development; so, improving the solubility of practically insoluble drugs was the most demanding part of drug development. Their solubility has a huge impact on pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and a few other characteristics like drug absorption, drug distribution, protein binding, etc. Oral dosage forms, out of all medicinal dosage forms, include more than50%, and the medication's molecule needs to dissolve in water. Solubility and bioavailability are key components in ensuring the drug molecule has good therapeutic action at the target site. Therefore, as chemical science advances, pharmaceutical technology must also advance to increase patient adherence to medicine. In order to achieve effective absorption and increased bioavailability, this article aims to describe various solubility enhancement techniques. These techniques include both traditional and novel approaches, such as pH adjustment, micronization, homogenization, salt formation, lyophilization, hot melt extrusion, solvent evaporation, melt-son crystallization, prodrug approach, etc [1].