Vol. 6, Issue 2, Part B (2024)

Thyroid hormones have long been recognised to have a significant impact on the production and metabolism of cholesterol and fatty acids in the liver. In fact elevated blood levels of cholesterol and triglycerides along with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) have been linked to hypothyroidism. The molecular control of hepatic lipid metabolism by thyroid hormones is now well understood because to developments in fields like cell imaging, autophagy and metabolomics. The main aspects of the control of lipogenesis, fatty acid β-oxidation, cholesterol production, and the reverse cholesterol transport system by direct thyroid hormone in both normal and disturbed thyroid hormone states are discussed and summarised in this review. These actions are mediated by thyroid hormone through autophagy, post-translational modifications, and transcription. In light of these advantageous impacts on lipid metabolism, thyroid hormone analogues and mimetics may prove therapeutic in the management of liver-related metabolic disorders, including hypercholesterolaemia and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.