Vol. 7, Issue 1, Part A (2025)

The purpose of ocular medication delivery systems is to precisely and carefully administer medicinal drugs to the eye. Drug distribution is significantly hampered by the eye’s distinct anatomy and physiology, which includes efflux mechanisms, restricted corneal permeability, and rapid tear turnover. In order to get around these challenges, scientists have created a number of creative medication delivery methods. Due to a number of anatomical and physiological barriers, ophthalmologists and drug-delivery scientists have always faced difficulties when it comes to delivering drugs into the eyes. Local delivery of ocular medications is the norm. Drug delivery systems for the eyes have a lot of potential to help treat glaucoma, macular degeneration, and retinal disorders, among other eye conditions. Researchers can create more practical and efficient treatments for people with eye conditions by resolving the difficulties related to ocular drug delivery. Topical, intravitreal, intraocular, juxtascleral, subconjunctival, intracameral, and retrobulbar are among the ocular administration routes. More research is being done on novel drug-delivery methods for anterior and posterior illnesses, including as nanoparticles, nanomicelles, dendrimers, microneedles, liposomes, and nanowafers. Eye ointments, gels, and the use of viscosity enhancers, prodrugs, penetration enhancers, microparticles, liposomes, niosomes, ocular inserts, implants, intravitreal injections, nanoparticles, nanosuspension, microemulsion, dendrimers, in situ gels, iontophoresis, and periocular injections are just a few of the innovative methods that highlight the advantages of these innovative approaches.