Vol. 7, Issue 2, Part E (2025)

This study examines the cytotoxic effects of Aristolochia littoralis leaf extracts on the MTT 2a cell line to explore its potential therapeutic applications for epilepsy. Traditionally used in various medicinal practices, the pharmacological effects of Aristolochia littoralis, particularly concerning neuroprotection and antiepileptic activity, are largely unexplored. We conducted in vitro assays to evaluate cell viability and cytotoxicity with varying concentrations of leaf extracts, ranging from 10 to 500 µg/mL, prepared through standardised methods. The MTT assay, which measures mitochondrial activity, indicated a dose-dependent reduction in cell viability, revealing significant cytotoxic effects at higher concentrations. Morphological assessments and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release assays showed necrotic and apoptotic features in treated cells. These findings suggest that the extract has a dual action, presenting both cytotoxicity and potential neuroprotective effects at lower doses. While the extract demonstrates notable cytotoxicity, further studies are essential to isolate its active compounds and clarify their specific mechanisms of action. Understanding the pharmacological profile of Aristolochia littoralis may lead to innovative therapeutic strategies for epilepsy, although caution regarding its safety is warranted. This research highlights the need for future investigations to balance efficacy and safety in assessing the role of Aristolochia littoralis in epilepsy treatment, presenting an intriguing avenue for drug discovery.