Vol. 7, Issue 2, Part J (2025)

Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are stable, non-coding RNAs formed by back-splicing with key roles in gene regulation, disease diagnosis, and therapy. They act through microRNA sponging, protein interactions, transcriptional regulation, and translation. Abnormal circRNA activity is linked to cancer, neurodegenerative, and cardiovascular diseases. Their unique structure, stability, and low immunogenicity make them valuable biomarkers and promising tools for RNA-based therapeutics, with the first circRNA drug (RXRG001) already in clinical trials.